Tanjore painting is also known as Thanjavur art. It is a South Indian classical art form which originated in Thanjavur, a town in Tamil Nadu. It is not tribal but it has a significant cultural value in the area and deserves to be mentioned for its artistic and historical value.
Tanjore art was created under the patronage the Nayaks and Marathas rulers in Thanjavur during the 16th-18th centuries. It is thought to have developed from the rich tradition of South Indian classical arts, influenced by Chola dynasty artistic heritage.
Tanjore paintings have a cultural significance because of their vibrant colors, intricate detail, and the use of precious materials such as gold foil. Typically, they depict Hindu deities, saints and goddesses in a majestic and divine manner. These paintings are not only religious offerings, but also objects of devotion and veneration, decorating temples, palaces and homes.
Tanjore paintings use a technique that uses multiple layers. The surface of a wooden board or canvas, coated with a mix of glue and limestone, is smoothed and made sturdy. The figures are first outlined, then filled with vivid colors created from natural pigments and gum arabic to ensure adhesion. Gold foil gives the paintings a beautiful luster, and enhances their beauty.
Tanjore art includes intricate embellishments such as embossing (known as "arakku"), which adds texture and depth to the artwork. Final touches can include decorative elements such as beads, stones and pearls to further enhance the ornate appearance of the artwork.
Tanjore art is a cultural tradition that continues to flourish in Tamil Nadu. Artists continue to preserve and innovate on its themes and techniques. It is not tribal, but it does reflect the rich artistic legacy of South India.
Tanjore paintings are a diverse collection of intricately detailed works, with vibrant colors and a touch divine grace. These are the most popular subjects in Tanjore artworks:
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Hindu Gods and goddesses: Tanjore painting often features Hindu deities, such as Lord Krishna and Lord Shiva. They also feature Goddess Lakshmi and Goddess Saraswati. These divine figures, which are adorned in elaborate jewels, crowns and clothing, are shown in majestic poses. These serene expressions convey an impression of divine grace and spirituality.
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Tanjore paintings often depict scenes from Hindu mythology such as the Ramayana and Bhagavata purana. The intricate compositions bring these narratives to life, with characters engaging in epic battles and divine interventions. Celestial celebrations are also included. Each scene is rich with symbolism and story telling, inviting viewers into the mythic worlds of ancient India.
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Saints and devotees: Tanjore paintings feature saints, sages and Hindu devotees such as Saint Thyagaraja and Saint Purandara dasa. They are often depicted in devotional states, such as prayer, meditation or ecstatic dancing. Their luminous presence is an inspiration to spiritual seekers and devots.
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Royal Portraits Tanjore has a long tradition of being patronized by royalty. As a result, many paintings include portraits of kings and queens as well as princes and princesses. These portraits are a reflection of the splendor and opulence that characterized the royal court. They feature elaborate costumes, jewelry and ceremonial regalia. Each portrait reflects dignity and authority from the royal lineage.
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Tanjore paintings can also depict scenes of the royal court. These include processions, ceremonies and celebrations. These scenes give a glimpse of the pomp and grandeur of courtly life. Attendants, musicians and dancers add to the celebration atmosphere.
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Tanjore paintings incorporate many elements of nature such as flowers, trees, birds and animals. These motifs, which are used as both decorative elements and symbols of nature, are intricately interwoven into the composition. Tanjore's floral borders are particularly distinctive, as they frame the central subject in vibrant colors and ornate patterns.
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Temple Architecture: Tanjore artworks often feature architectural motifs that are inspired by South Indian temples, such as ornate gopurams and mandapas. These architectural elements create a sense that the art is connected to the spiritual heritage in the region.
Tanjore art is a rich tapestry that reflects the religious, cultural and artistic traditions in South India. Tanjore art continues to inspire audiences with its timeless beauty and exquisite craftsmanship.
